An oil-immersed transformer is a common type of power transformer, operating based on the law of electromagnetic induction and mutual induction. The transformer's internal components primarily consist of an iron core, windings, and insulating oil, which work together to convert voltage and transmit electrical energy.
First, the iron core is made of highly magnetically conductive materials (such as silicon steel sheets), which effectively reduces magnetic resistance and magnetic losses, thereby improving transformer efficiency. The windings are wound with high-purity copper wire and transmit electrical energy. When the input power is connected, current flows through the input coil, generating an alternating magnetic field. This magnetic field passes through the iron core, inducing an electromotive force in the output coil. According to Faraday's law of electromagnetic induction, the electromotive force in the output coil is proportional to the current in the input coil, thus achieving voltage conversion.
A key feature of oil-immersed transformers is the use of insulating oil. This insulating oil not only fills the transformer's interior but also serves a key role in insulation and heat dissipation. The insulating oil prevents short circuits between the coils and leakage to ground, ensuring safe operation of the transformer. At the same time, the insulating oil absorbs and conducts heat generated by the transformer, dissipating it to the external environment through natural convection or forced circulation, thereby maintaining the transformer's operating temperature within a controlled range.
In addition, oil-immersed transformers are equipped with cooling systems such as coolers and fans to further improve heat dissipation efficiency. These cooling devices dissipate heat promptly during operation, preventing excessive temperature rise in the insulating oil and ensuring stable operation of the transformer.